Overview

Piracetam:
Piracetam is the prototype for Racetam supplements, which are a group of synthetic supplements intended to provide a cognitive boost. Piracetam is a medicine known as GABA analogs, and it was initially developed as a treatment for myoclonus (a disorder that causes muscular twitches), and it has nootropic benefits. It works by preventing a shortage of oxygen to the brain and increasing its availability of neurotransmitters. Our combination improves focus, mental energy, memory and cognition.
Piracetam influences neuronal and vascular functions and influences cognitive function without acting as a sedative or stimulant. Piracetam is a drug which enhances cognition and memory, slows brain aging, increases oxygen and blood flow to the brain, improves Alzheimer's and aids in stroke recovery and 5 related conditions.

Citicoline:
Citicoline is being considered to be nootropics, which means to help related to brain function, such as seizures, memory loss, cognitive ability . In addition to functioning as a nootropic, it also has psychostimulant properties. After ingestion, it is metabolized into choline and causes an increase in the levels of phosphatidylcholine (a chemical which plays a key role in the functioning of the brain).
Citicoline activates biosynthesis of structural phospholipids of neuronal membranes, increases brain metabolism, and acts upon the levels of different neurotransmitters. A number of therapeutic actions of citicoline are indicated which are as follows: A neuroprotective effect in hypoxic and ischemic conditions, decreasing the volume of ischemic lesion Improves learning and memory performance in animal models of brain aging Restores the activity of mitochondrial ATPase and membrane Na+/K+ATPase Inhibits activation of certain phospholipases and accelerates reabsorption of cerebral edema Inhibits mechanisms of apoptosis associated to cerebral ischemia The other major indication of citicoline is for treatment of senile cognitive impairment, either secondary to degenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer disease) or to chronic cerebral vascular disease

Indications

• Neuroprotective Effect
• Improves learning and Memory performance
• For cerebral trauma
• For treatment of senile cognitive impairment
• Enhancement of cognitive function of brain
• Improves mental performance in Alzheimer's disease.
• Neurological and cognitive disorder
• Depression and anxiety stroke
• Closed craniocerebral trauma

Warnings

If you have an allergic or hypersensitive reaction, seek emergency medical attention.

Do not alter your dosage unless specifically instructed.

Dosage and usage often depends on the severity of the condition, as well as the patient's medical history and current health condition.

Before you begin using this medication, ensure your physician is aware of the following:

• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• If you have any allergies.
• If you have any other illnesses, disorders, or medical conditions.
• If you are using any other drugs or medication.
• If you are using any vitamins or supplements.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to piracetam or other pyrrolidone derivatives.

Not to be taken patients with cerebral haemorrhage

Piracetam is contra-indicated in End Stage Renal Disease patients.

Piracetam should not be used in patients suffering from Huntington's Chorea.

Side Effects

Insomnia

Diarrhea

Changes in blood pressure

An increase in body weight

Dosage

Oral:
Two Tablets daily for 12 consecutive weeks. Or as directed by physician.

Disclaimer:To be taken only after consulting with the doctor.

Storage

Store protected from light and moisture.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Piracetam
Piracetam, the prototype of the so-called "nootropic drugs" is used since many years in different countries to treat cognitive impairment in aging and dementia. Piracetam has been shown to alter the physical properties of the plasma membrane by increasing its fluidity and by protecting the cell against hypoxia. It increases red cell deformability and normalizes aggregation of hyperactive platelets. Piracetam is an agent with antithrombotic, neuroprotective and rheological properties. Treatment with piracetam improves learning, memory, brain metabolism, and capacity. The drug influences neuronal and vascular functions and influences cognitive function without acting as a sedative or stimulant.

Citicoline
Citicoline activates biosynthesis of structural phospholipids of neuronal membranes, increases brain metabolism, and acts upon the levels of different neurotransmitters. A number of therapeutic actions of citicoline are indicated which are as follows:

• A neuroprotective effect in hypoxic and ischemic conditions, decreasing the volume of ischemic lesion
• Improves learning and memory performance in animal models of brain aging
• Restores the activity of mitochondrial ATPase and membrane Na+/K+ATPase
• Inhibits activation of certain phospholipases and accelerates reabsorption of cerebral edema
• Inhibits mechanisms of apoptosis associated to cerebral ischemia.

Pharmacokinetics

Piracetam
The drug interaction potential resulting in changes of piracetam pharmacokinetics is expected to be low because approximately 90% of the dose of piracetam is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug. In vitro, piracetam does not inhibit the human liver cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 4A9

Citicoline
Citicoline also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-Choline) or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is apsychostimulant / nootropic. It is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline.

Interactions

Usually drug interactions occur when it is taken with another drug or with food. Before you take a medication for a particular ailment, you should inform the health expert about intake of any other medications including non-prescription medications. Citicoline must not be use with medicines containing meclophenoxate (or centrophenoxine). Citicoline increase the effects of L-dopa.

Chemistry

Piracetam is a nootropic drug, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid. Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of GABA.

2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide

Citicoline also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-Choline) or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is apsychostimulant / nootropic. It is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline.
Citicoline is a brain chemical that occurs naturally in the body. Citicoline supplements help improve focus and mental energy and may possibly be useful in the treatment of attention deficit disorder.

5'-O-[hydroxy({hydroxy[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy] phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]cytidine

Clinical Data

Clinical Data Of Piracetam

Legal status	AU: Prescription Only (S4) UK: POM US: Prescription-only (POM) US: Not FDA approved
Routes	Oral, parenteral and vaporized

Chemical Data

Formula	C6H10N2O2
Molecular Mass	142.16 g/mol

Clinical Data Of Citicoline

Chemical Data

Formula	C14H27N4O11P2
Molecular Mass	489.332 g/mol